Home Gravidanza Alcool in gravidanza e allattamento

Alcool in gravidanza e allattamento

Alcohol use during pregnancy

Da dottvolpicelli

Ultimo aggiornamento: 16/08/2023

Alcool e gravidanza: L’alcool in gravidanza è nocivo per il feto, specialmente nel I° trimestre ma anche nel II-III° trimestre, potendo provocare gravi malformazioni (1,2), aborto e parto prematuro (3).

Il consumo di alcool fra le donne è in aumento:  il rapporto maschi/femmine è attualmente 3:1.  Il fenomeno è particolarmente diffuso fra le donne di 30-40 anni ma si va sempre più diffondendo fra i giovani e le teen-agers. 

L’etanolo passa facilmente la barriera placentare e raggiunge nel sangue fetale una concentrazione pari a quella materna, decisamente troppo alta in rapporto all’esiguo peso fetale.

Gli effetti negativi dell’alcool sulla gravidanza prevedono una percentuale del 30-40% di malformazioni fetali soprattutto nel 1° trimestre, fino alla grave   “Sindrome Feto-Alcolica” (FAS) che comprende anomalie cranio-facciali, malformazioni dei setti interventricolari e interatriali, agenesia del corpo calloso, ipoplasia del nervo ottico, fessura palpebrale ridotta, pieghe agli angoli degli occhi, microftalmia, strabismo e miopia, naso corto e piatto, labbro superiore assottigliato, solitamente la faccia ha un aspetto tirato con un profilo piatto (4). Inoltre l’etanolo può provocare IUGR, morte fetale intrauterina, aborto e parto prematuro. Il potere dannoso dell’alcool sul feto è dovuto alla carenza di enzimi epatici fetali deputati alla metabolizzazione dell’etanolo che esplica una modulazione negativa sull’assorbimento degli aminoacidi

Molti AA. Raccomandano di non superare ½ litro di vino al dì ma in pratica è meglio astenersi completamente dal consumare alcool perché non ci sono dati certi sulla minima soglia di sicurezza come affermato da recenti estesi studi promossi dal Ministero della Salute della Germania e dall’inglese NHS   (National Health Service). Un bicchiere di vino o spumante va concesso solo occasionalmente e tenendo conto anche dell’apporto calorico. Un bicchiere di birra da 200 ml contiene 100-150 KCal ed un bicchiere da 100 cc di vino rosso da pasto fornisce 85 KCal. Le bevande alcoliche devono quindi necessariamente rientrare nel computo delle calorie della razione alimentare. Gli alcolici vanno assolutamente vietati in caso di reflusso gastro-esofageo, pirosi gastrica ed esofagite.

 Prevenzione dei danni fetali da alcool:

Dal punto di vista medico, finché non viene identificato il danno indotto dall’alcool, è difficile suggerire misure preventive efficaci. Tuttavia alcune indicazioni generali possono risultare utili:

  • la somministrazione di antiossidanti (vitamina E, C e β-carotene), nell’ipotesi che l’alcol determini il danno attraverso la liberazione di radicali liberi
  • l’uso di fattori antiapoptosici (folati, Vitamina B12, Xeronina)
  • Ac. retinoico: è purtroppo esso stesso gravato da grave rischio di teratogenicità
  • Soluzione glucosate per via sistemica
  • Disulfiram (Antabuse): è un farmaco che può dissuadere il paziente dal bere, poiché se il soggetto beve bevande alcoliche esso provoca: vomito, sensazione di nausea, nausea, hot flashes al volto, tachicardia, difficoltà respiratorie, ipotensione e collasso cardiocircolatorio. Queste sensazioni iniziano 5-15 minuti dopo l’ingestione e possono durare dai 30-60 minuti fino a diverse ore nei casi gravi. Rassicurare la paziente sulla transitorietà dei sintomi ed invitarla a riposarsi per qualche ora a letto. Non presenta controindicazioni in gravidanza, ma cautela e controllo medico.
  • Psicoterapia individuale e familiare
  • Acido folico a dosaggio pieno (400-750 µg/die per il diminuito assorbimento nelle persone alcolist

References:

  1. MJ Ashley: “Alcohol use during pregnancy: a challenge for the ’80s”. Can Med Assoc J. 1981 July 15; 125(2): 141–143.
  2.  Warren KR (ed.): Critical review of the fetal Alcohol Syndrome”. National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism”.  Rokville MD. 1977; 11.
  3. Harlap S, Shiono PH. Alcohol, smoking, and incidence of spontaneous abortions in the first and second trimester. Lancet. 1980 Jul 26;2(8187):173–176.
  4. Jones KL, Smith DW. Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet. 1973 Nov 3;302(7836):999–1001

 Queste pagine, ancora in fase di completamento,  fanno parte del sito fertilitycenter.it in internet da marzo 2011. I testi, le tabelle, i disegni e le immagini pubblicati in queste pagine sono coperte da copyright ma a disposizione di tutti per copia e riproduzione purchè venga citata la fonte con link al sito www.fertilitycenter.it.

Ringrazio i lettori per la cortese attenzione e li prego di voler comunicare le loro osservazioni e consigli su eventuali errori o esposizioni incomplete.

Enzo Volpicelli.

 

Potrebbe piacerti anche

55 commenti

bancuri cu basescu 30 Marzo 2013 - 5:00

I got this web site from my friend who informed me regarding this web page and now this time
I am browsing this web page and reading very informative articles at this place.

Rispondi
jocuri 2011 31 Marzo 2013 - 4:19

Howdy just wanted to give you a brief heads
up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading properly. I’m not sure
why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different web browsers and both show the same outcome.

Rispondi
bancuri cu basescu 31 Marzo 2013 - 4:46

It’s really very complex in this full of activity life to listen news on TV, therefore I only use web for that purpose, and obtain the hottest news.

Rispondi
jocuri cu agricultura online 31 Marzo 2013 - 8:49

I think this is one of the most significant information for me.
And i am glad reading your article. But wanna remark on few general things, The web site style is ideal, the articles is really nice : D.
Good job, cheers

Rispondi
inversion tables sciatica 2 Aprile 2013 - 23:06

Hi theгe! I just wish tο givе you
a big thumbs up fоr yοur great info you have got right heге
οn this post. I will be coming bасk to
your ωebsite for morе soοn.

Rispondi
Bilde 7 Aprile 2013 - 8:59

Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your weblog? My blog site is in the very same area of interest as yours and my visitors would really benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this alright with you. Thanks!

Rispondi
dottvolpicelli 16 Aprile 2013 - 20:42

OK!
thank you
enzo volpicelli

Rispondi
Jeanette 8 Aprile 2013 - 4:39

Wow, awesome blog layout! How lengthy have you ever been blogging for?

you make blogging glance easy. The entire glance of
your site is fantastic, as smartly as the content!

Rispondi
quit smoking now 11 Aprile 2013 - 0:45

I do not even know the way I stopped up here,
but I assumed this post was once great. I do not recognize who you’re but certainly you are going to a famous blogger for those who are not already. Cheers!

Rispondi
get rid of cellulite 11 Aprile 2013 - 1:51

Appreciation to my father who shared with me concerning this blog,
this weblog is really amazing.

Rispondi
ironman gravity 1000 inversion table body power inversion table emer inversion table inversion tables sciatica ebay inversion table teeter hang ups reviews weider inversion table 11 Aprile 2013 - 1:52

ӏts not my fіrst time to paу a quіck vіsit
thіѕ web site, i am browѕіng thiѕ ωeb ρаge ԁаilly аnԁ
get pleаsant іnformation from here
eveгy day.

Rispondi
waterbeds dallas tx 11 Aprile 2013 - 11:12

Thаnks fоr sharing уouг thoughtѕ
about histіocytosis сns. Regards

Rispondi
bean bag chairs 11 Aprile 2013 - 11:33

Hello, just wаnted to tell yοu, I liκеd this
ρoѕt. It ωas insрirіng. Keеp οn posting!

Rispondi
waveless waterbed tubes 11 Aprile 2013 - 14:04

Hello, I check your blogs daily. Your story-telling style is awesome,
keep up the good work!

Rispondi
Camille 11 Aprile 2013 - 14:07

I every time emailed this website post page to all my associates, because if like
to read it next my links will too.

Rispondi
vintage travel trailers 11 Aprile 2013 - 17:00

My partner and I stumbled over here by a different web page and thought I may as well check things out.
I like what I see so now i am following you. Look forward to checking out your web page yet again.

Rispondi
elearn.mi-emsis.org 13 Aprile 2013 - 3:16

Αmazing issues here. ӏ аm
vеrу satisfiеd to look уοur аrticle.
Thanks sо much and I am takіng a looκ foгwaгd to contact you.
Wіll you please drop me a е-maіl?

Rispondi
cold sore treatments that work 13 Aprile 2013 - 4:01

My partner and I stumbled over here different web address and thought I should
check things out. I like what I see so now i’m following you. Look forward to going over your web page repeatedly.

Rispondi
answers.yahoo.com 13 Aprile 2013 - 4:08

I really like your blog.. very nice colors & theme.
Did you make this website yourself or did you hire someone to
do it for you? Plz answer back as I’m looking to design my own blog and would like to know where u got this from. kudos

Rispondi
dottvolpicelli 16 Aprile 2013 - 16:47

Thank you!
luigifalco@libero.it

enzo volpicelli

Rispondi
Gonzalo 13 Aprile 2013 - 6:56

Geneгally Ι don’t read article on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to try and do it! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thank you, quite great article.

Rispondi
How do I lose weight 13 Aprile 2013 - 8:08

I am really pleased to glance at this weblog posts which contains plenty of helpful facts, thanks for providing these statistics.

Rispondi
treatment for hair loss 13 Aprile 2013 - 9:10

It’s in point of fact a great and useful piece of info. I’m
happy that you just shared this helpful info with us.
Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.

Rispondi
coachmen travel trailers 13 Aprile 2013 - 11:35

Grеat aгticle. I’m dealing with many of these issues as well..

Rispondi
stretch mark removal laser reviews 13 Aprile 2013 - 12:07

It’s remarkable designed for me to have a web site, which is beneficial in favor of my knowledge. thanks admin

Rispondi
Charity 13 Aprile 2013 - 12:38

Good info. Lucky me I ԁiscoѵеred your blοg by accident (stumbleupon).

I have bоokmаrked it fοr later!

Rispondi
myfriendshotmom.com 19 Luglio 2013 - 5:35

Thanks for finally talking about > Alcool in gravidanza e allattamento |
FertilityCenter < Loved it!

Rispondi
joicuri mario 29 Luglio 2013 - 19:00

I was extremely pleased to find this site. I need to to
thank you for ones time for this particularly wonderful read!
! I definitely appreciated every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked
to look at new information in your website.

Rispondi
etoh abuse 11 Ottobre 2014 - 3:21

What’s up it’s me, I am also visiting this web
site daily, this site is truly good and the people are really sharing good thoughts.

Rispondi
MerleneIYuscak 7 Giugno 2015 - 23:28

Hello, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar
one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments?
If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can suggest?
I get so much lately it’s driving me mad so any
help is very much appreciated.

Rispondi
BillieLPent 20 Giugno 2015 - 20:27

It’s going to be finish of mine day, except before end I am reading this impressive paragraph to improve my know-how.

Rispondi
sinus pressure points on your feet 22 Giugno 2015 - 22:57

Many thanks!

Rispondi
car accident attorneys virginia 24 Giugno 2015 - 14:38

You’re so cool! I do not believe I’ve read through something like
this before. So great to find another person with genuine thoughts on this topic.
Really.. many thanks for starting this up. This website is one thing
that is needed on the web, someone with a
little originality!

Rispondi
MaganCBellone 6 Luglio 2015 - 5:24

Nice post. I learn something totally new and challenging on websites I stumbleupon every day.
It’s always useful to read content from other authors and use a little something from other
web sites.

Rispondi
i want to be a welder 8 Luglio 2015 - 10:24

This site was… how do I say it? Relevant!!
Finally I’ve found something which helped me.
Thank you!

Rispondi
IsiahTGuyette 12 Luglio 2015 - 0:45

I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your blog.
It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant for me to come here and visit
more often. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme?
Outstanding work!

Rispondi
dana point dui attorneys 13 Luglio 2015 - 2:02

Yes! Finally something about go here.

Rispondi
googlw maps 16 Luglio 2015 - 15:57

There is certainly a great deal to know about this subject.

I like all the points you have made.

Rispondi
cmhc bc 16 Luglio 2015 - 16:02

Great post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed!
Extremely useful info particularly the last part :
) I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this particular
info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.

Rispondi
rise in home resales 17 Luglio 2015 - 5:52

I used to be able to find good information from your articles.

Rispondi
why you cant afford it anymore 17 Luglio 2015 - 9:42

Nice post. I used to be checking constantly this blog and I
am impressed! Very useful info specifically the last part 🙂 I
maintain such information a lot. I was looking for this particular info for a long time.
Thank you and good luck.

Rispondi
construction on houses 17 Luglio 2015 - 9:48

What’s up, of course this paragraph is genuinely good and I
have learned lot of things from it about blogging.

thanks.

Rispondi
why you cant afford it anymore 17 Luglio 2015 - 14:08

If some one wants expert view concerning blogging after that i suggest him/her to pay a
visit this web site, Keep up the pleasant work.

Rispondi
diabazole supplement 17 Luglio 2015 - 14:36

I am in fact thankful to the owner of this website
who has shared this great piece of writing at at this place.

Rispondi
rise in home resales 17 Luglio 2015 - 15:12

WOW just what I was searching for. Came here by searching for anatomia

Rispondi
click here to 17 Luglio 2015 - 21:37

Quality content is the crucial to interest the people to go to see the website,
that’s what this web page is providing.

Rispondi
maps directions driving 17 Luglio 2015 - 22:19

Hey! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website
before but after reading through some of the post I realized it’s
new to me. Anyhow, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be book-marking
and checking back frequently!

Rispondi
view virtual tour 18 Luglio 2015 - 6:13

What a information of un-ambiguity and preserveness of precious experience concerning unpredicted feelings.

Rispondi
apartment rental vancouver 18 Luglio 2015 - 9:34

WOW just what I was searching for. Came here by searching for anatomia

Rispondi
please click here to confirm your subscription 18 Luglio 2015 - 12:52

Pretty! This has been an extremely wonderful article. Thanks for supplying this
information.

Rispondi
good fitness dvds Chicago IL 18 Luglio 2015 - 23:41

Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you so much,
However I am having problems with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I cannot join it.
Is there anybody else getting similar RSS issues?
Anybody who knows the answer can you kindly respond? Thanx!!

Rispondi
Security Guard Company Cobb County 19 Luglio 2015 - 0:07

Fantastic beat ! I wish to apprentice even as you amend
your site, how can i subscribe for a weblog site?
The account aided me a acceptable deal. I were a little
bit familiar of this your broadcast provided vibrant clear concept

Rispondi
beach body shaun t insanity 2 Agosto 2015 - 1:22

Grеetings! Vеry useful advice within this article! It is thе little chаnges that will make the most significant changes.
Thanks a lot for sharing!

Rispondi
Antoine 2 Agosto 2015 - 11:55

I’ll immediately seize your rss as I can not to find
your email subscription link or e-newsletter service.
Do you have any? Kindly allow me understand so that I could subscribe.
Thanks.

Rispondi
Coconut Oil 10 Settembre 2015 - 6:41

Thank you for some other excellent article. Where else may anybody get that type of information in such
an ideal method of writing? I’ve a presentation next week, and I am at the look for
such information.

Rispondi

Lascia il tuo commento

Inserisci la somma corretta Limite di tempo superato. Si prega di completare nuovamente il captcha.

Il Fertilitycenter.it è un sito informativo al fianco delle coppie per sostenerle ed informarle nel desiderio più grande, quello di avere un figlio.

ULTIMI ARTICOLI

fertilitycenter.it © 2023 All right reserved.

Questo sito Web utilizza i cookie per migliorare la tua esperienza. Supponiamo che tu sia d'accordo con questo, ma puoi annullare l'iscrizione se lo desideri. Accetto Leggi

-
00:00
00:00
Update Required Flash plugin
-
00:00
00:00