<< Torna all’indice
FARMACI STIMOLANTI IL SNC:
- Anfetamine: amine simpaticomimetiche, interagiscono direttamente con il recettore adrenergico e lo attivano e/o aumentano la biodisponibilità delle catecolamine a livello a livello sinaptico, tra la fibra post-gangliare e l’organo effettore, inducendo il rilascio delle catecolamine da parte delle vescicole trasportatrici ed inibendone la ricaptazione. Sono sostanze stimolanti del sistema nervoso central, vasocostrizione periferica, aumento della pressione arteriosa, tachicardia, riduzione del senso di fatica e diminuzione dell’appetito. L’amfetamina fu scoperta nel 1887.
- LSD (Dietilamide dell’acido lisergico): sintetizzata per la prima volta da Albert Hofmann nel 1938. Gli effetti sono molto variabili e la durata è da 5 a 12 ore circa. L’ effetto dell’ LSD può essere interrotto rapidamente somministrando 50 mg di chlorpromazine. L’ LSD viene commercializzato (illegalmente) su cartoncini dalle dimensioni di 1×0,8 cm circa e sono contenuti circa 100-200 mg. Raramente è commercializzato anche dissolto in liquido (100 mg), oppure in un gel colorato conosciuto con il nome di “windowpane”. LSD non causa dipendenza fisica. L’ unico rischio è quello di una dipendenza psichica: se una persona ha una debole forza di volontà e non riesce più farne a meno. LSD non è tossico per il corpo, al contrario delle anfetamine, MDMA e altro e non causa alcun danno ai cromosomi. Però comportano gravi danni della personalità e frequenti episodi di flashback, isonnia, confusione mentale, spossatezza. Tutte le persone, che abbiano assunto sostanze o no, hanno flashback (si manifestano per via di forti sensazioni vissute, shock, spaventi, dispiaceri immensi,…). Con flashback si intende un momento di distorsione visuale, di tempo, sintomi psichici (convinzione di qualcosa di irreale, confusione mentale, perdita di controllo della mente), rivivere per qualche secondo o minuto un’ intensissima emozione.
- Caffeina: 3-4 tazzine al dì non producono alcun danno alla donna gravida, al feto ed al bambino in allattamento. Vari studi però indicano che bere più di 7-8 caffé al giorno si associa a un’aumentata incidenza di morte intrauterina, di parti pre-termine, di neonati con basso peso alla nascita e di aborti spontanei. Esiste anche un rischio teratogeno della caffeina ma per dosaggi enormi (>60 tazzine di caffè al giorno), al di fuori di ogni comportamento di persone normali.
-
Nicotina: La nicotina crea dipendenza: i fumatori che provano a rinunciare spesso presentano sintomi sgradevoli come irritabilità, cefalea, irrequietezza, insonnia, difficoltà di concentrazione e forte desiderio per le sigarette, perché sono dipendente dalla nicotina presente nel tabacco. La terapia sostitutive della nicotina con cerotti o chewin gum che contengono una piccola quantità di nicotina, limita gli effetti da privazione ed abitua a snettere di fumare e non provoca gli effetti pericolosi del fumo di tabacco su polmoni, cuore e arterie.
-
Alcool:l’alcolismo fra le donne è in aumento: il rapporto maschi/femmine è attualmente 3:1. Il fenomeno è particolarmente diffuso fra le donne di 30-40 anni ma si va sempre più diffondendo fra i giovani e le teen-agers. L’etanolo passa facilmente la barriera placentare e raggiunge nel sangue fetale una concentrazione pari a quella materna. Gli effetti negativi dell’alcool sulla gravidanza prevedono aborto e malformazioni fetali, soprattutto nel 1° trimestre, fino alla grave “sindrome feto-alcolica”. Il potere dannoso dell’alcool sul feto è dovuto alla carenza di enzimi epatici deputati alla metabolizzazione dell’etanolo. Nel II-III° trimestre l’abuso di alcool può provocare: sindrome feto-alcolica (FAS) con IUGR per modulazione negativa dell’etanolo sull’assorbimento degli aminoacidi, anomalie cranio-facciali, morte fetale intrauterina. I neonati da madre alcolista presentano basso peso alla nascita in rapporto all’epoca gestazionale e difficoltà a recuperarlo successivamente, fessura palpebrale ridotta, il labbro superiore assottigliato, microftalmia, strabismo e miopia; solitamente la faccia ha un aspetto tirato con un profilo piatto. L’allattamento al seno da mamma alcolista presenta rischi per il lattante in quanto l’alcool è secreto nel latte materno e può provocare intossicazione etilica con turbe neurologiche di varia gravità.
Tab. 33 – Stimolanti il SNC |
Management |
||||
amfetamina |
Ctg B3; |
||||
LSD |
Commercio illegale |
Ctg D; Confusione mentale della gravida |
|||
LSD-canapa/hash |
Commercio illegale |
||||
LSD-Cocaina |
Commercio illegale |
||||
LSD-Alcol |
Commercio illegale |
||||
LSD-MDMA (Extasy) |
Commercio illegale |
||||
caffeina |
Ctg A; ma se assunta in dosi eccessive (>8 tazzine/die), può provocare aborti spontanei, morte intrauterina, parti pre-termine, neonati con basso peso alla nascita |
||||
Nicotina |
Tabacco da fumo |
Ctg D Ipossia fetale, IUGR, LBW (Low Birth Weight), VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight), VVLBW (Very Very Low Birth Weight), ELBW (Extremely Low Birth Weight)
|
|||
Nicotine cerotti, nicotine gum, nicorette |
Ctg D, Ipossia fetale, IUGR, LBW (Low Birth Weight), VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight), Peso alla nascita |
||||
Alcool |
Ctg C |
||||
Antagonisti degli |
Naltrexone antagonista dei recettori oppiacei utilizzato in |
Antaxone |
Ctg B3 Mancano studi adeguati per l’uso in gravidanza Sconsigliati in allattamento |
||
Disulfiram |
Antabuse (terapia dell’alcoolismo) |
B2 |
<< Torna all’indice
39 commenti
I’d like to thank you for the efforts you have put in writing this website.
I’m hoping to see the same high-grade blog posts from you in the future as well.
In truth, your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my
own website now 😉
Hmm is anyone else experiencing problems with the pictures on this blog loading?
I’m trying to figure out if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog.
Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
I blog quite often and I really appreciate your content.
The article has really peaked my interest. I am going to book mark your blog
and keep checking for new details about once per week.
I subscribed to your RSS feed too.
I think the admin of this web site is really working hard in favor of his website,
as here every information is quality based data.
Hi there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers?
I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any tips?
Oh my goodness! Incredible article dude! Thank you so
much, However I am having issues with your RSS.
I don’t know why I can’t subscribe to it. Is there anybody else getting similar RSS issues?
Anyone who knows the solution will you kindly respond?
Thanx!!
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all of us you actually know
what you are speaking approximately! Bookmarked. Kindly also seek advice from my web site =).
We may have a link trade agreement among us
I love reading through an article that will make men and women think.
Also, many thanks for allowing for me to comment!
I read this post fully regarding the difference of newest and previous technologies, it’s awesome article.
Good day very cool site!! Guy .. Excellent ..
Wonderful .. I will bookmark your web site and take the feeds also?
I am satisfied to search out a lot of helpful information right here in the put up,
we’d like develop more strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing.
. . . . .
Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it’s truly
informative. I’m going to watch out for brussels. I’ll appreciate if you continue this in future.
Lots of people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers!
Great site. A lot of useful info here. I am sending it
to a few friends ans additionally sharing in delicious.
And naturally, thanks to your sweat!
Great post.
Generally I don’t learn post on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me
to take a look at and do so! Your writing taste has been amazed me.
Thanks, very nice article.
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long
as I provide credit and sources back to your website?
My blog site is in the very same niche as yours and my visitors would truly benefit from a lot of the information you provide
here. Please let me know if this ok with you. Cheers!
I was able to find good advice from your blog articles.
I think this is among the so much important info for me.
And i am happy studying your article. But should observation on some basic issues, The site taste is wonderful,
the articles is in reality great : D. Good task, cheers
Here is my blog post conversion of testosterone
My family every time say that I am wasting my time here
at net, but I know I am getting know-how every
day by reading thes good content.
I all the time emailed this web site post page to all my contacts, since if like to
read it after that my contacts will too.
Fantastic goods from you, man. I’ve take into account your stuff prior to and you are simply extremely magnificent.
I actually like what you’ve obtained here, really like what you are saying
and the best way during which you say it.
You make it enjoyable and you still take
care of to stay it sensible. I can’t wait to learn much more from you.
This is really a terrific site.
I am regular reader, how are you everybody?
This post posted at this site is genuinely pleasant.
My brother recommended I may like this blog. He was once entirely right.
This publish truly made my day. You can not believe simply how much time I had
spent for this information! Thank you!
I read this piece of writing completely regarding the comparison of most up-to-date and previous technologies, it’s amazing article.
It’s not my first time to visit this website, i am visiting
this web site dailly and obtain pleasant facts from here everyday.
Appreciate this post. Let me try it out.
Keep on working, great job!
Heya i am for the first time here. I found this board and I find It truly
useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and
help others like you helped me.
I could not resist commenting. Perfectly written!
Hello! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be ok.
I’m definitely enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
Good site you have got here.. It’s difficult to find excellent writing like yours these days.
I honestly appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
Hey there! This post could not be written any better!
Reading through this post reminds me of my good old room mate!
He always kept talking about this. I will forward this post to him.
Fairly certain he will have a good read. Thanks for
sharing!
Hi there, always i used to check weblog posts here in the early hours in the
morning, as i love to learn more and more.
Every weekend i used to visit this web page, as i wish for enjoyment, since this this website conations genuinely good funny material too.
The games features different unique styles, along with the X-RAY mode in an interview.
However, games themes, latest mobile videos and free apps
and take advantage of this year, according to the
phone’s owner and. At last, the applications that allow companies to launch
thiswinter.
What’s up it’s me, I am also visiting this web site daily, this website is in fact fastidious
and the visitors are truly sharing good thoughts.
You have made some decent points there. I looked on the web to
find out more about the issue and found most people will go along with your views on this website.
Excellent weblog here! Also your web site lots up very
fast! What web host are you the use of? Can I get
your affiliate link in your host? I desire my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
Hi! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and
say I truly enjoy reading your posts. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that cover the
same topics? Thank you!
I’m extremely impressed along with your writing
abilities as neatly as with the structure in your weblog.
Is this a paid subject matter or did you modify it your self?
Either way keep up the nice quality writing, it’s rare to look a great blog like this one nowadays..