Fattori anatomici: Sindromi aderenziali periovaro-tubariche e presenza di endometriomi che sono all’origine delle difficoltà di ordine meccanico come i disturbi della motilità tubarica e del pick-up ovocitario da parte della fimbria. Nei casi più gravi – III° e IV° stadio – l’utero, le tube e le ovaie si presentano insieme conglomerati strettamente in spesse aderenze (pelvi congelata). L’ostacolo meccanico dell’ovaio può esitare in anovulazione, difetti di sintesi progestinica, luteal Defect progetsterone LDP e Sindrome LUF-S (Luteinizing Unrupted Follicles-Syndrome) .
- Iperprolattinemia
4. Aumento di volume e alterazioni del fluido peritoneale: consistenti in un aumento di sostanze luteolitiche quali prostaglandine, trombossano, macrofagi attivati con produzione di citochine quali interleuchina-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, Il-12, TNF-a Tumor Necrosis Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), interferone (2-11). I livelli di C3, C4 risultano presenti in quantità molto inferiori nel fluido peritoneale di donne fertili. Tale liquido peritoneale è tossico per gli ovociti e per gli spermatozoi di cui deprime la reazione acrosomiale, la motilità e la penetrazione nell’ovocita; deprime inoltre la captazione ovocitaria della fimbria. Ostacolano lo sviluppo embrionale. Anche il siero delle pazienti endometriosiche è tossico perciò occorre assolutamente rinunciare alla supplementazione del liquido di cultura con il siero delle pazienti nei procedimenti di fertilizzazione in vitro.
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